Wednesday, December 24, 2025

What is SEO and how does it work?

 WHAT IS SEO

SEO stands for ‘Search Engine Optimization’, which is the process of getting traffic from free, organic, editorial, or natural search results in search engines. It aims to improve your website’s position in search results pages (SERPs). Remember, the higher the website is listed, the more people will see it.

There’s a great graphic created by Rand Fiskin, co-founder of Moz, that takes from Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs’ pyramid. Fishkin’s ‘Mozlow's Hierarchy of SEO Needs’ looks at how people should execute SEO. 

HOW DOES SEO works in digital marketing.

Search engines are used by people when they have a query and are searching online for the answer. 

Search engine algorithms are computer programmes that look for clues to give searchers the exact results they are looking for. Search engines rely on algorithms to find web pages and decide which ones to rank for any given keyword. That's why Google algorithm updates can have a huge impact on brands and marketers so you need to keep on top of them. Remember there’s also social media algorithms to consider for search. 

There are three steps to how search engines work: crawling, indexing and ranking.

Step 1: Search Engine Crawling

The first step is crawling. Search engines send out web crawlers to find new pages and record information about them. We sometimes call these web crawlers ‘spiders’,‘robots’ or Googlebots. 

Their purpose is to discover new web pages that exist, and to periodically check the content on pages they’ve previously visited to see whether they've changed or been updated.

Search engines crawl web pages by following links they’ve already discovered. So if you have a blog and it's linked from your homepage, when a search engine crawls your homepage, it will then look for another link and may follow the link to your new blog post.

Step 2: Search Engine Indexing

The second step is indexing. Indexing is when a search engine decides whether or not it is going to use the content that it has crawled. If a crawled web page is deemed worthy by a search engine, it will be added to its index. 

This index is used at the final ranking stage. When a web page or piece of content is indexed, it is filed and stored in a database where it can later be retrieved. Most web pages that offer unique and valuable content are placed into the index. A web page might not be placed in the index if:

·        The content is considered duplicate

·        The content is considered low value or spammy

·        It couldn’t be crawled

·        The page or domain lacked inbound links

Top tip: You can check your indexed pages by typing ‘site:yourdomain.com’ in the search bar (see our example below). This will show you the pages showing up on Google. For a more detailed report you can look at the ‘Index Coverage report’ in Google Search Console. 

Step 3: Search Engine Ranking

The third step is really the most important, and that is ranking. Ranking can only happen after the crawling and indexing steps are complete. So once a search engine has crawled and indexed your site, your site can be ranked.

There are more than 200 ranking signals that search engines use to sort and rank content, and they all fit under the three pillars of SEO: technical optimization, on-page optimization, and off-page optimization.

Some examples of signals that search engines use to rank web pages are:

·        Keyword in title tag – Whether the keyword or a synonym was mentioned on the page and within the title tag

·        Loading speed – Whether the web page loads quickly and is mobile-friendly

·        Website reputation – Whether the web page and website is considered reputable for the topic being searched for

·        Backlinks - The quantity and quality of backlinks to a web page

·        Content quality and relevance - Is the content valuable and relevant to the website’s target audience?

·        Mobile friendliness - Are pages, content and images optimized for mobile?  

If you're looking for agency support in the areas of SEO, content marketing and paid media, get in touch with Digitaloxford

 


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